Cisco plans free telepresence client

PC and Mac users will be able to join a meeting with an e-mail invitation and a download

IDG News Service - Cisco Systems is taking several steps to extend its TelePresence videoconferencing technology beyond enterprise meeting rooms, introducing two endpoints and a free client application for ad hoc participants to download.

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To mark the fifth anniversary of its introduction of TelePresence, Cisco previewed several new offerings during a press event held Tuesday at its TelePresence proving ground in San Jose, California. The products are due to be announced Wednesday. At the event, Cisco emphasized that its videoconferencing technology is becoming more accessible, five years after the company unveiled the three-screen TelePresence 3000 room system then priced at nearly $300,000 per room.

"TelePresence is no longer restricted to the boardroom. It is now ... wanted everywhere," said Jacob Nordan, director of product management in Cisco's Infrastructure Business Unit, who joined the meeting from Oslo via TelePresence. Cisco's emphasis echoes what analysts and other vendors have said over the past year, focusing on the growth potential for desktop and mobile videoconferencing.

At the event, the company unveiled Cisco Jabber Video for TelePresence, a free application designed to let just about anyone with a PC or Mac join a TelePresence session. An enterprise or small business with an in-house or hosted TelePresence capability can go to a globally accessible website and create an invitation that goes out to customers, partners or other participants via e-mail. The participants will receive an e-mail with a link to download the Jabber Video software and join the meeting.

Jabber Video for TelePresence is going into beta testing soon and is expected to become generally available early next year, said Gina Clark, vice president and general manager of the TelePresence Cloud business unit. It currently is an English-language product but people all over the world will be able to download it, she said.

Cisco also introduced the MX300, a new model in its line of value-priced TelePresence endpoints for small and medium-size businesses. The MX300 is a step up from the MX200 introduced earlier this year, featuring a 55-inch (139.7 centimeters) display compared with the MX200's 42-inch. The new unit can deliver videoconferences at 1080p resolution and 30 frames per second and is suitable for as many as nine people in a room, Cisco said. The unit is designed to be set up in less than 15 minutes. It is scheduled to hit the market in January for a list price of $27,600.

Also on Tuesday, the company announced the Cisco TelePresence VX Clinical Assistant. This endpoint is designed for use in medical applications, including remote patient consultations and medical education. The VX is set to go on sale in the first quarter of next year in the U.S. and Europe, starting at $29,500.

642-436 Exam

QUESTION 1
Which two statements describe the purpose of the technology prefix? (Choose two.)

A. Technology prefixes are configured on gateways to indicate to the gatekeeper whether they
support voice or video.
B. Technology prefixes must always be configured on gateways.
C. Technology prefixes are used to identify different types or classes of gateways.
D. Technology prefixes are prepended to the destination address by the gateway.
E. Technology prefixes have to be unique on each gateway.

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Answer: C,D

QUESTION 2
Which statement is true about only out-of-band signaling?

A. A signaling bit is robbed from each frame.
B. Signaling bits are sent in a special order in a dedicated signaling frame.
C. All signaling is directly associated with its corresponding voice frame.
D. All voice packets carry their own signaling.

Answer: B

QUESTION 3
Examine the example output.
hostname GW1
!
interface Ethernet 0/0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
h323-gateway voip interface
h323-gateway voip id GK1-zone1.abc.com abc.com ipaddr 172.16.2.2
h323-gateway voip h323-id GW1
h323-gateway voip bind srcaddr 172.16.2.1
!
dial-peer voice 1 voip
destination-pattern 1212.
session-target ras
!
dial-peer voice 2 pots
destination-pattern2125551212
no register e164
!
end
Choose the command that will restore communication with gatekeeper functionality to this device.

A. h323-gateway voip h323-id GK1
B. gateway
C. h323-gateway voip bind srcaddr 172.16.2.2
D. h323-gateway voip GW1-zone2.abc.com abc.com ipaddr 172.16.2.1

Answer: B

QUESTION 4
Refer to the exhibit. Which two actions would be initiated by a UAS? (Choose two.)


A. Contacts the user when a SIP invitation is received
B. Originates the REFER method to initiate call termination
C. Returns a response on behalf of the user to the invitation originator
D. Originates the INVITE method including a description of the session parameters
E. Originates the ACK method to indicate that it has received a response to an invitation

Answer: A,C

QUESTION 5
Which option is true concerning the MGCP call agent?

A. Acts only as a recorder of call details
B. Provides only call signaling and call setup
C. Manages all aspects of the call and voice stream
D. Monitors the quality of each call after setup

Answer: B

QUESTION 6
Which statement best describes gatekeeper operation when the technology prefix is matched and
the gatekeeper is using the technology prefix with hopoff?

A. The gatekeeper always forwards the call to the zone specified in the hopoff command.
B. The gatekeeper only forwards the call to the hopoff zone if the zone prefix does not match.
C. The gatekeeper attempts to forward the call to the hopoff zone, but if this fails, it will forward the
call to the zone specified in the zone prefix command.
D. The gatekeeper attempts to forward the call to the zone specified in the zone prefix command
first, but if this fails, it will forward the call to the zone specified in the hopoff command.

Answer: A

QUESTION 7
Refer to the exhibit. All IP phones are SCCP phones. Phone D makes an internal call to phone G.
Which call setup signaling statement is true?


A. Phone D signals phone G directly. Call setup is handled by the phones.
B. Phone D signals gateway A, which processes the call and signals phone G.
C. Phone D signals gateway B, which processes the call and signals phone G.
D. Phone D signals gatekeeper. The gatekeeper processes the call and signals phone G.
E. Phone D signals the call agent. The call agent processes the call and signals phone G.

Answer: E

QUESTION 8
Refer to the exhibit. All IP phones use SCCP. Fax machine F calls fax machine J. Which call setup
signaling statement is correct?


A. Fax F signals Fax J directly. Call setup is handled by the fax machines.
B. Gateway A processes the call and signals gateway B. Gateway B processes the request.
C. Gateway A signals the call agent. The call agent processes the call and signals gateway B.
D. Gateway A signals the gatekeeper. The gatekeeper processes the call and signals gateway B.
E. Gateway A processes the call and signals gateway B. Gateway B processes the call. During the
setup, the gateways query the gatekeeper for address resolution and call setup permission.

Answer: E

QUESTION 9
Refer to the exhibit. Three department managers share the directory number 3000. The
Marketing manager's phone is attached to port 1/1. The Engineering manager's phone is attached
to port 1/2. The Shipping manager's phone is attached to port 1/3. In which situation would an
incoming call ring on the Shipping manager's phone?


A. The Marketing manager is on the phone.
B. None of the managers are on the phone.
C. The Engineering manager is on the phone.
D. The Shipping manager and Marketing manager are on the phone.
E. The Engineering manager and Marketing manager are on the phone.

Answer: E

QUESTION 10
DRAG DROP
Using Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express, what four steps are necessary to
implement COR? (Choose four.)



Answer:



Explanation:

640-816 Exam

---

QUESTION 1

Which three options can a network administrator utilize by using PPP Layer 2 encapsulation?

(Choose three.)


A. authentication

B. VLAN support

C. compression

D. multilink support


Answer: A,C,D

---

QUESTION 2

A network administrator is troubleshooting the OSPF configuration of routers R1 and R2. The

routers cannot establish an adjacency relationship on their common Ethernet link. The graphic

shows the output of the show ip ospf interface e0 command for routers R1 and R2. Based on the

information in the graphic, what is the cause of this problem?





A. The hello and dead timers are not configured properly.

B. The OSPF process ID numbers must match.

C. A backup designated router needs to be added to the network

D. The cost on R1 should be set higher.


Answer: A


Explanation:

As can be seen above, the hello interval for R1 has been set to 5 seconds, while it is set to 10 for

R2. Also, the dead interval on R1 is set at 20 seconds while on router CKD2 it is set to 40 seconds.

In order for two routers to establish an OSPF neigh adjacency, the hello and dead timers must

match.

---

QUESTION 3

Refer to the exhibit. How should the FastEthernet0/1 ports on the 2950 model switches that are

shown in the exhibit be configured to allow connectivity between all devices?





A. The ports only need to be connected by a crossover cable.

B. SwitchX (config)# interface fastethernet 0/1

SwitchX (config-if)# switchport mode access

SwitchX (config-if)# switchport access vlan 1

C. SwitchX (config)# interface fastethernet 0/1

SwitchX (config-if)# switchport mode trunk

SwitchX (config-if)# switchport trunk vlan 1

SwitchX (config-if)# switchport trunk vlan 10

SwitchX (config-if)# switchport trunk vlan 20

D. SwitchX(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1

SwitchX(config-if)# switchport mode trunk


Answer: D

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---

QUESTION 4

Refer to the exhibit. The following commands are executed on interface fa0/1 of 2950Switch.

2950Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security

2950Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security mac-address sticky

2950Switch(config-if)# switchport port-security maximum 1

The Ethernet frame that is shown arrives on interface fa0/1. What two functions will occur when

this frame is received by 2950Switch? (Choose two.)





A. The MAC address table will now have an additional entry of fa0/1 FFFF.FFFF.FFFF.

B. This frame will be discarded when it is received by2950Switch.

C. Only host A will be allowed to transmit frames on fa0/1.

D. All frames arriving on2950Switch with a destination of 0000.00aa.aaaa will be forwarded out

fa0/1.


Answer: C,D


Explanation:

The configuration shown here is an example of port security, specifically port security using sticky

addresses. You can use port security with dynamically learned and static MAC addresses to

restrict a port's ingress traffic by limiting the MAC addresses that are allowed to send traffic into

the port. When you assign secure MAC addresses to a secure port, the port does not forward

ingress traffic that has source addresses outside the group of defined addresses. If you limit the

number of secure MAC addresses to one and assign a single secure MAC address, the device

attached to that port has the full bandwidth of the port.

Port security with sticky MAC addresses provides many of the same benefits as port security with

static MAC addresses, but sticky MAC addresses can be learned dynamically. Port security with

sticky MAC addresses retains dynamically learned MAC addresses during a link-down condition.

If you enter a write memory or copy running- config startup- config command, then port security

with sticky MAC addresses saves dynamically learned MAC addresses in the startup- config file

and the port does not have to learn addresses from ingress traffic after bootup or a restart.

Since the maximum number of MAC addresses has been configured to 1, only host A will be able

to send frames on interface fa 0/1, making choice C correct.

---

QUESTION 5

A university has a small campus in which 25 faculty members are located. The faculty offices and

student computers are currently on the same network. The faculty are concerned about students

being able to capture packets going across the network and obtain sensitive material. In order to

protect faculty network traffic from student connections ,which action will you take?


A. Remove the student computers from the network and put them on a peer-to-peer network.

B. Put the faculty computers in a separate VLAN.

C. Power down the switches that connect to faculty computers when they are not in use.

D. Install anti-virus software on the student computers.


Answer: B

---

QUESTION 6

Running both IPv4 and IPv6 on a router simultaneously is known as dual-stack routing.


A. False

B. True


Answer: B

---

QUESTION 7

You are a network administrator. You configure a workgroup switch with all ports assigned to

VLAN 2. And you configure all ports as full-duplex FastEthernet. What is the effect of adding

switch ports to a new VLAN on this switch?


A. The additions will create more collisions domains.

B. IP address utilization will be more efficient.

C. The possibility that switching loops will occur will increase dramatically.

D. An additional broadcast domain will be created.


Answer: D


Explanation:

A VLAN is a group of hosts with a common set of requirements that communicate as if they were

attached to the same wire, regardless of their physical location. A VLAN has the same attributes

as a physical LAN, but it allows for end stations to be grouped together even if they are not located

on the same LAN segment.

Networks that use the campus-wide or end-to-end VLANs logically segment a switched network

based on the functions of an organization, project teams, or applications rather than on a physical

or geographical basis. For example, all workstations and servers used by a particular workgroup

can be connected to the same VLAN, regardless of their physical network connections or

interaction with other workgroups. Network reconfiguration can be done through software instead

of physically relocating devices.

Cisco recommends the use of local or geographic VLANs that segment the network based on IP

subnets. Each wiring closet switch is on its own VLAN or subnet and traffic between each switch is

routed by the router. The reasons for the Distribution Layer 3 switch and examples of a larger

network using both the campus-wide and local VLAN models will be discussed later.

A VLAN can be thought of as a broadcast domain that exists within a defined set of switches.

Ports on a switch can be grouped into VLANs in order to limit unicast , multicast, and broadcast

traffic flooding. Flooded traffic originating from a particular VLAN is only flooded out ports

belonging to that VLAN, including trunk ports, so a switch that connects to another switch will

normally introduce an additional broadcast domain.

---

QUESTION 8

Which technology helps prevent frames from looping continuously through this switched network?





A. EIGRP

B. VTP

C. STP

D. ARP


Answer: C

---

QUESTION 9

What ports on Sw-AC3 are operating as trunks?(Choose three)




Sw-AC3#show int trunk





A. Fa0/1

B. Fa0/9

C. Fa0/12

D. Fa0/3


Answer: B,C,D

---

QUESTION 10

You are a network administrator. You want to add a line to an access list that will block only Telnet

access by the hosts on subnet 192.168.1.128/28 to the server at 192.168.1.5. To accomplish this

task, what command should be used?


A. access-list 101 denyip 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.15 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 eq 23

access-list 101 permit ip any any

B. access-list 1 denytcp 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.15 host 192.168.1.5 eq 23

access-list 1 permit ip any any

C. access-list 1 denytcp 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.255 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 eq 21

access-list 1 permit ip any any

D. access-list 101 denytcp 192.168.1.128 0.0.0.15 192.168.1.5 0.0.0.0 eq 23

access-list 101 permit ip any any


Answer: D


Explanation:

Only choice specifies the correct TCT port and wildcard mask, and uses a valid access list
number.



Incorrect Answers:

A: IP is specified as the protocol, when it should be TCP.

B: Access list 1 is used for these choices, which is a standard access list. In this example, an

extended access list is required. Choice C also specifies port 21, which is used by FTP not Telnet.

C: Access list 1 is used for these choices, which is a standard access list. In this example, an

extended access list is required. Choice C also specifies port 21, which is used by FTP not Telnet.

---

QUESTION 11

Refer to the exhibit. What will be the result of issuing the following commands?

Switch1(config)# interface fastethernet 0/5

Switch1(config-if)# switchport mode access

Switch1(config-if)# switchport access vlan 30





A. The VLAN will not be added to the database, but the VLAN 30 information will be passed on as

a VLAN to theSwitch2 VLAN database.

B. The VLAN will not be added to the database, nor will the VLAN 30 information be passed on as

a VLAN to theSwitch2 VLAN database.

C. The VLAN will be added to the database and VLAN 30 will be passed on as a VLAN to add to

theSwitch2 VLAN database.

D. The VLAN will be added to the database, but the VLAN information will not be passed on to

theSwitch2 VLAN database.


Answer: D


Explanation:

The three VTP modes are described below:

Server: This is the default for all Catalyst switches. You need at least one server in your VTP

domain to propagate VLAN information throughout the domain. The switch must be in server

mode to be able to create, add, or delete VLANs in a VTP domain. You must also change VTP

information in server mode, and any change you make to a switch in server mode will be

advertised to the entire VTP domain.

Client: In client mode, switches receive information from VTP servers; they also send and receive

updates, but they can't make any changes. Plus, none of the ports on a client switch can be added

to a new VLAN before the VTP server notifies the client switch of the new VLAN. Here's a hint: if

you want a switch to become a server, first make it a client so that it receives all the correct VLAN

information, then change it to a server-much easier!

Transparent: Switches in transparent mode don't participate in the VTP domain, but they'll still

forward VTP advertisements through any configured trunk links. These switches can't add and

delete VLANs because they keep their own database-one they do not share with other switches.

Transparent mode is really only considered locally significant.

In our example, the switch is configured for transparent mode. In transparent mode the local

VLAN information can be created but that VLAN information will not be advertised to the other

switch.

---

QUESTION 12

S0/0 on R1 is configured as a multipoint interface to communicate with R2 and R3 in the hub-andspoke

Frame Relay topology shown in the exhibit. Originally, static routes were configured

between these routers to successfully route traffic between the attached networks. What will need

to be done in order to use RIP v2 in place of the static routes?







A. Change the 172.16.2.0/25 and 172.16.2.128/25subnetworks so that at least two bits are

borrowed from the last octet.

B. Configure the noip subnet-zero command on R1, R2, and R3.

C. Configure the s0/0 interface on R1 as two sub interfaces and configure point-to-point links toR2
and R3.

D. Dynamic routing protocols such as RIP v2 cannot be used across Frame Relay networks.


Answer: C

---

QUESTION 13

An access list has been designed to prevent HTTP traffic from the Accounting Department from

reaching the HR server attached to the Holyoke router. Which of the following access lists will

accomplish this task when grouped with the e0 interface on the Chicopee router?

A. denytcp 172.16.16.0 0.0.0.255 172.17.17.252 0.0.0.0 eq 80 permit ip any any

B. permitip any any deny tcp 172.16.16.0 0.0.0.255 172.17.17.252 0.0.0.0 eq 80

C. permitip any any deny tcp 172.17.17.252 0.0.0.0 172.16.16.0 0.0.0.255 eq 80

D. denytcp 172.17.17.252 0.0.0.0 172.16.16.0 0.0.0.255 eq 80 permit ip any any


Answer: A

---

QUESTION 14

Which three benefits are of VLANs? (Choose three.)


A. They can enhance network security.

B. They allow logical grouping of users by function.

C. They simplify switch administration.

D. They increase the number of broadcast domains while decreasing the size of the broadcast

domains.


Answer: A,B,D


Explanation:

VLANs are used to segment a LAN into multiple, smaller LANs. This can be used to enhance

security as local traffic from one VLAN will not be passed to users in other VLANS.

---

QUESTION 15

A network administrator would configure port security on a switch, why?


A. to prevent unauthorized Telnet from accessing to a switch port

B. to protect the IP and MAC address of the switch and associated ports

C. to prevent unauthorized hosts from accessing the LAN

D. to block unauthorized access to the switch management interfaces over common TCP ports


Answer: C


Explanation:

You can use the port security feature to restrict input to an interface by limiting and identifying

MAC addresses of the stations allowed to access the port. When you assign secure MAC

addresses to a secure port, the port does not forward packets with source addresses outside the

group of defined addresses. If you limit the number of secure MAC addresses to one and assign a

single secure MAC address, the workstation attached to that port is assured the full bandwidth of

the port.

If a port is configured as a secure port and the maximum number of secure MAC addresses is

reached, when the MAC address of a station attempting to access the port is different from any of

the identified secure MAC addresses, a security violation occurs. Also, if a station with a secure

MAC address configured or learned on one secure port attempts to access another secure port, a

violation is flagged.

Reference:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps628/products_configuration_guide_chapter0

9186a00800d6a38.html#86378

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Microsoft unveils Samsung Windows 8 tablet for developers

Giving 5,000 away to Build attendees

Microsoft has unveiled the first-ever Windows 8 tablet, built by Samsung, which it is giving away to developers attending this week's Build conference.

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The Samsung Windows Developer Preview PC, which is essentially the Samsung Series 7 tablet, will come loaded with the developer build of the new Windows 8 operating system.

The impressively specced-out device features an 11.6-inch 1366 x 768 Super PLS display, a dual-core 1.6GHz Intel i5 processor, a 64GB SSD and 4GB RAM.

The device also comes with USB, Micro USB and HMDI ports, as well as a dock to allow you to plug in a mouse and keyboard.
5,000 free units

The device, of which Microsoft has built 5,000 units, will allow developers to test the new operating system and begin the process of building apps for the new platform, set to launch in 2012.

Microsoft is also including free mobile data for developers for an entire year.

The device, in its current guise is unlikely to ever make it to market, but the relationship with Samsung is likely to be a key one when Microsoft begins building Windows 8 tablets for consumers.

It was also interesting to hear Microsoft continue to refer to all of its Windows 8 products as "PCs" rather than tablets or slates.

Why Do You Need 640-802 Practice Q and A?

Cisco is the international organization in computer networking that transforms how people communicate and work together. Cisco Company produces and sells electronics goods. Cisco is world recognized organization due to its products quality. Cisco has strong impact on the IT professionals.

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Cisco certification enhance your abilities

Cisco certification is highly valued in IT profession. Holder of Cisco certification can apply for job everywhere in the world. Cisco certification is the name of guarantee. A professional can enhance his/her capabilities and can easily improve his/her knowledge and expertise with Cisco certification. Companies are searching for those employees who are well certified and have extra ordinary skills and abilities in their field.
Ensure your reliability

Exam 640-802 is the complex exam connected with the Cisco Certified Network Associate certification. 640-802exam is a greatest way to evaluate the applicant's knowledge and abilities in a relevant field of work. Exam 640-802 is the most valued and demanded exam in IT field. To pass this practice exam 640-802 is not so easy but with our assistance you will clear 640-802 in a very first chance. The professionals who want to be skillful in their fields and also have a wish to reach at the peak of capability and success they use different certification exams for this reason. Practice exams 640-802 are genuine certifications that guarantee your employers that you are highly skilled, qualified, and consistent.

You can pass exam in very first attempt

Practice exam comprises all the questions and answers to assist you in passing the real exam with good marks. If you want to be successful in your profession and want to get distinction among other competitors then come and follow our guideline. With our help you can attain your goals very easily by passing 640-802 exam. With our training material we ensure you 100% success in real exam Free MCTS Training and MCTS Online Training.success in real exam.

CCNA Salary

The CCNA salary range is very similar in nature to the CCNP salary levels, because previous experience, education and other skill sets can play a significant role in the salary you can qualify for. Generally speaking, the Cisco Certified Network Associate pays less than the CCNP designation, and is cited in more junior network IT positions.

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The CCNA salary survey shows that yearly income can more than double, depending on geographic location, the college degrees you have, and other factors.

Let’s look at the 2011 CCNA salary data and see what Cisco IT professionals are getting paid.
USA CCNA Salary Rates

As mentioned, CCNA salary levels in the USA can vary a lot, based on where you live and who you work for. Let’s look at some regions and see the going CCNA salary rates for New York, Dallas and other IT centers in the USA, as reported by Pay Scale:
CCNA Salary New York: Low $43,500 High $123,000

New York is one of the places in the US with the biggest range of salaries for CCNA qualified employees. The top end, at over $123,000 is one of the highest salaries in all of the USA.
CCNA Salary Dallas and Houston

Dallas and Houston are fairly competitive, with salaries in Dallas generally being 5%-10% higher than Houston. Here’s the current CCNA salaries being reported:

Dallas: Low $39,000 High $106,000

Houston: Low $35,000 High $102,000
Atlanta CCNA Salary

The CCNA salary reports from Atlanta suggest the pay is close to Texas, with salaries ranging from $39,000 up to $112,000
Chicago CCNA Salary Levels

If you work in the CCNA salary Chicago data indicates the range to be from $40,000 to $106,000 in 2011, with salary levels growing at 4-5% annually.
CCNA Salary UK Data, Including London

The CCNA salary for the UK is divided into two groups: all of the UK, and everything excluding the London area, because in the London area, CCNA salaries are generally significantly higher.

Looking at the ITJobsWatch site, we see the current CCNA salary rate is £37,000, and if you take all the UK CCNA salary information excluding London, the average rate drops to £35,000.

The average annual salary growth rate averages around 5% for all of the UK, but only about 3% if you exclude the London area.
CCNA Salary Australia – Sydney, Adelaide

The CCNA Salary data for Australia suggests the pay is on par with America, with entry level positions offering around AU$40,000 and senior positions exceeding AU$100,000. Your educations, skills and experience will influence the offers you get, along with your geographic location and the employers you target.
CCNA Salary In India

The current CCNA salary rates in India are significantly lower than the USA, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. In fact, many levels of careers in India ask for the CCNA designation, including everything from network engineer to IT Director. Generally speaking, the entry level with little or no experience apart from the CCNA designation will earn you a salary starting around Rs 94,567, according to payscale, and the salary can increase more than 500%, up to Rs 501,923, depending on previous work experience and education.

Generally speaking, if you come from a top school, like Mumbai university, your salary will be higher, even as much as Rs 120,000 for a starting position. Likewise, other schools, like IGNOU can lower your starting salary, down to as little as Rs 60,000.
CCNA Requirements

Here are what you need to do to get your CCNA and qualify for CCNA salary levels, as referenced on Wikipedia:

CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is the certification from Cisco.CCNA certification is a second-level Cisco Career certification. CCNA certification validates the ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size routed and switched networks, including implementation and verification of connections to remote sites in a WAN.

To achieve CCNA certification, one must earn a passing score on Cisco exam #640-802, or combined passing scores on both the ICND1 #640-822 and ICND2 #640-816 exams.

Passing the ICND1 grants one the Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician (CCENT) certification.

Passing scores are set by using statistical analysis and are subject to change. At the completion of the exam, candidates receive a score report along with a score breakout by exam section and the passing score for the given exam.

Cisco does not publish exam passing scores because exam questions and passing scores are subject to change without notice.

The use of IP, EIGRP, Frame Relay, RIPv2, VLANs, Ethernet, and access control lists is all included within the curriculum.

CISCO produce a breakdown of the CCNA topics on their website.

The exams themselves include a mixture of question types including Multiple choice, drag and drop, Testlets and simulations.


Additional CCNA Salary Information

For additional CCNA Salary data, consult the local online job listings, as well as the CCNA salary surveys being published online.

If you want to comment on your knowledge of CCNA salary rates around the world, leave a comment below.
Incoming search terms:

entry level CCNA salary new york

Purdue's hefty switch discounts 'unusual,' Cisco says

Company responds to blog reports showing discounts of 76% on Nexus switches for university.
The steep discounts that Purdue University recently received on Cisco's Nexus 7000 switches are 'unusual' and based on factors that go beyond the purchase alone, Cisco says.

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Cisco this week responded to blog reports that it offered Purdue an exclusive deal that includes a 76% discount off Nexus 7000 switches. Purdue is shopping for switches for its Hansen Cluster project, which is a "community cluster" for Purdue faculty and staff looking to cost-effectively acquire computational resources.

There's also the "bake-off" process in which a customer evaluates proposals and staged implementations from bidding vendors. In winning those evaluations, Cisco is rarely the lowest-priced solution, company officials say.

Other factors, such as vendor stability, service and support capabilities and product road map, also come into play, they say. Another is the total cost of ownership over the long-term implementation of the proposed solution, a variable that determines the "value leader" vs. the "price leader," Cisco says.

"We continue to win the majority of deals by not being the price leader," Velaga says.

Nonetheless, Cisco's preparing for customers to demand Purdue-sized discounts now that the Hansen Cluster deal's been made public.

"I wouldn't be surprised if people reached out at a sales level" to request such deep discounting, Velaga says. "They do anyway."

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